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Xoloitzcuintli
Non-Sporting breed from Mexico
Breed overview
Reviewed · Database recordAbout the Xoloitzcuintli
The Xoloitzcuintli, often called the Xolo, is a medium-sized breed from Mexico. Its size category is medium, but adult weight ranges from 4.5 to 25 kg and height from 25 to 60 cm, with both sexes spanning these ranges. These are modelled estimates, so individual dogs may vary. The breed is known for temperaments described as calm, loyal, alert, intelligent, affectionate, and protective. However, not every dog will display all these traits. Energy, trainability, grooming, and shedding are each scored 3 out of 5, suggesting moderate levels. The Xolo is rated 3 for suitability with children, other dogs, and apartment living, indicating average compatibility that depends on individual upbringing and socialization. Recognition status varies by registry, so it is not universally recognized.
Quick facts
Xoloitzcuintli at a glance
Sizemedium
Breed groupNon-Sporting
OriginMexico
LifespanPending
Male weight4.5–25 kilogram
Female weight4.5–25 kilogram
Male height25–60 centimetre
Female height25–60 centimetre
Origin and history
Where the breed comes from
The Xoloitzcuintli is an ancient breed from Mexico, with archaeological evidence of its existence dating back over 3,000 years. It was highly prized by Aztec, Maya, and other ancient cultures, who used them as companions, healers, guards, and in ceremonial roles. According to myth, they were believed to guide souls to the afterlife. The breed nearly became extinct but was revived in the 1950s. It is now recognized by some registries in three sizes, though the exact recognition status varies. The breed's history is based on archaeological and cultural records, but specific dates and events beyond these general facts are not confirmed.
Physical characteristics
Structured dataSize, build and coat
Female
4.5–25 kilogramAdult weight25–60 centimetreAdult heightCoat typesPendingCoat colorsPendingRecognitionvaries by registryData methodimported
Temperament
Typical breed tendencies
Calmloyalalertintelligentaffectionateprotective
Breed tendencies are general guidance. Individual behavior depends on genetics, socialization, training, health and environment.
Exercise, training and maintenance
1–5 methodologyDaily care profile
Moderate compared with other breeds
Moderate compared with other breeds
Moderate compared with other breeds
Moderate compared with other breeds
Family suitability
Home and household fit
Supervise every dog–child interaction.
Introductions and socialization still matter.
Exercise, enrichment and noise tolerance affect fit.
Climate suitability
Modelled tendency · low confidence
Modelled tendency · low confidence
Modelled tendency · low confidence
A general morphology-based tendency. Individual dogs still require shade, shelter, water, acclimation and weather-appropriate activity. Method: climate-morphology-v1.
Health overview
Veterinary sources requiredHealth considerations
No Xoloitzcuintli-specific screening programme or peer-reviewed disorder-prevalence study is currently attached to this profile. This is not evidence that the breed has no health risks. Owners should use routine preventive veterinary care and discuss screening appropriate to the individual dog's history, examination and family line.
Veterinary disclaimer: This profile is educational and does not replace examination, diagnosis or treatment by a veterinarian.
Feeding overview
Nutrition and feeding
Research in progress
Reviewed feeding guidance will appear after an approved source is imported and editorially reviewed.
Decision support
Potential advantages and challenges
Potential advantages
- Commonly described as loyal.Supported by temperaments.loyal: true
Potential challenges
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Compare this breed
Growth chart
Xoloitzcuintli puppy growth
Modeled estimates
Open interactive chart From puppy weight to adult size
Compare male and female growth, check weight by age and estimate mature size.
Adult male weight4.5–25 kilogramAdult female weight4.5–25 kilogramGrowth modeladult-range-size-model-v1
Preview only. Open the complete chart to adjust age, current weight and measurement units.
Frequently asked questions
Common questions
What is the size and lifespan of a Xoloitzcuintli?
The Xoloitzcuintli is a medium-sized breed. Adult weight ranges from 4.5 to 25 kg and height from 25 to 60 cm for both males and females, based on modelled estimates. Lifespan is not provided in the available facts.
What is the temperament of a Xoloitzcuintli?
The breed is described as calm, loyal, alert, intelligent, affectionate, and protective. However, individual dogs may vary, and temperament is influenced by upbringing and socialization.
How much exercise does a Xoloitzcuintli need?
The breed has an energy score of 3 out of 5, indicating moderate exercise needs. Regular daily walks and playtime are likely sufficient, but specific requirements depend on the individual dog.
What are the grooming requirements for a Xoloitzcuintli?
Grooming is scored 3 out of 5, suggesting moderate needs. The breed can have hairless or coated varieties, but coat types and colors are not specified in the facts. Shedding is also scored 3 out of 5.
Is the Xoloitzcuintli good for families with children or other pets?
The breed scores 3 out of 5 for child suitability and dog compatibility, indicating average suitability. Proper socialization and supervision are recommended, as individual behavior can vary.
Can a Xoloitzcuintli live in an apartment?
Apartment suitability is scored 3 out of 5, meaning it can adapt but may need sufficient exercise and mental stimulation. The breed's moderate energy level supports apartment living with proper care.
Where does the Xoloitzcuintli originate from?
The Xoloitzcuintli originates from Mexico, with archaeological evidence of existence over 3,000 years ago. It was valued by ancient cultures such as the Aztecs and Maya.
Data transparency
✓ Published · VerifiedSources and review status
APIThe Dog API ↗The Dog API Terms of Service (effective 2023-07-01)
VETERINARY SOURCEWSAVA Global Nutrition Guidelines and Toolkit ↗Copyright; factual citation and original summary only
Image source: The Dog API. Last reviewed 7/20/2026.