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Maltese
Toy breed from Malta, Mediterranean Basin
Breed overview
Reviewed · Database recordAbout the Maltese
The Maltese is a toy breed originating from Malta and the Mediterranean Basin. It is one of the world's oldest known breeds, with a history dating back over 2000 years. The breed is characterized by its long, silky coat and a playful, gentle, and affectionate temperament. Despite its small size, the Maltese is described as fearless and alert. It is adaptable and charming, making it a popular companion. The breed's recognition status varies by registry. Note that individual temperaments can differ, and not every Maltese will display all these traits.
Quick facts
Maltese at a glance
Sizetoy
Breed groupToy
OriginMalta, Mediterranean Basin
Lifespan12–15 years
Male weight1.8–3.2 kilogram
Female weight1.8–3.2 kilogram
Male height18–23 centimetre
Female height18–23 centimetre
Origin and history
Where the breed comes from
The Maltese is an ancient breed with origins traced to the island of Malta and the broader Mediterranean Basin. Historical records indicate it has existed for over 2000 years, making it one of the oldest known dog breeds. Historically, it was referred to as 'Ye Ancient Dogge of Malta' and was prized as a companion to royalty and aristocracy throughout Mediterranean civilizations and European nobility. The breed's long history as a lapdog and companion is well-documented, though specific dates of origin remain uncertain. The Maltese belongs to the Toy group, reflecting its small size and companion role. Its recognition status varies by kennel club or registry, so it is not universally recognized in the same way across all organizations.
Physical characteristics
Structured dataSize, build and coat
Female
1.8–3.2 kilogramAdult weight18–23 centimetreAdult heightCoat typesLong, SilkyCoat colorsPendingRecognitionvaries by registryData methodai assisted draft
Temperament
Typical breed tendencies
Playfulgentleaffectionatecharmingfearlessalertadaptable
Breed tendencies are general guidance. Individual behavior depends on genetics, socialization, training, health and environment.
Exercise, training and maintenance
1–5 methodologyDaily care profile
Moderate compared with other breeds
Moderate compared with other breeds
Higher coat-maintenance demand
Lower shedding tendency
Family suitability
Home and household fit
Supervise every dog–child interaction.
Introductions and socialization still matter.
Exercise, enrichment and noise tolerance affect fit.
Climate suitability
Modelled tendency · medium confidence
Modelled tendency · medium confidence
Modelled tendency · medium confidence
A general morphology-based tendency. Individual dogs still require shade, shelter, water, acclimation and weather-appropriate activity. Method: climate-morphology-v1.
Health overview
Veterinary sources requiredHealth considerations
No Maltese-specific screening programme or peer-reviewed disorder-prevalence study is currently attached to this profile. This is not evidence that the breed has no health risks. Owners should use routine preventive veterinary care and discuss screening appropriate to the individual dog's history, examination and family line.
Veterinary disclaimer: This profile is educational and does not replace examination, diagnosis or treatment by a veterinarian.
Feeding overview
Nutrition and feeding
Research in progress
Reviewed feeding guidance will appear after an approved source is imported and editorially reviewed.
Decision support
Potential advantages and challenges
Potential advantages
- Can be a strong family match when socialized and supervised.Supported by childSuitability: 4
Potential challenges
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Growth chart
Maltese puppy growth
Modeled estimates
Open interactive chart From puppy weight to adult size
Compare male and female growth, check weight by age and estimate mature size.
Adult male weight1.8–3.2 kilogramAdult female weight1.8–3.2 kilogramGrowth modeladult-range-size-model-v1
Preview only. Open the complete chart to adjust age, current weight and measurement units.
Frequently asked questions
Common questions
What is the size and lifespan of a Maltese?
Based on modelled estimates, adult Maltese typically weigh between 1.8 and 3.2 kg and stand 18 to 23 cm tall at the shoulder. Their estimated lifespan ranges from 12 to 15 years. These figures are estimates and may vary among individuals.
What is the Maltese temperament like?
The Maltese is described as playful, gentle, affectionate, charming, fearless, alert, and adaptable. However, individual dogs may not exhibit all these traits, and behavior can vary based on upbringing and environment.
How much exercise does a Maltese need?
The Maltese has an energy score of 3 out of 5, indicating a moderate activity level. They enjoy play and short walks but do not require intense exercise. Adapt to their owner's lifestyle, but regular daily activity is beneficial.
What are the grooming requirements for a Maltese?
The Maltese has a long, silky coat and a grooming score of 4 out of 5, meaning regular grooming is needed. They shed very little (shedding score 1), but their coat requires frequent brushing and maintenance to prevent mats and tangles.
Is the Maltese suitable for families with children or other dogs?
The Maltese has a child suitability score of 4 and a dog compatibility score of 4 out of 5, suggesting they generally get along well with children and other dogs when properly socialized. However, individual experiences may vary, and supervision is always recommended.
Is the Maltese a good apartment dog?
Yes, the Maltese has an apartment suitability score of 5 out of 5, indicating they are well-suited for apartment living due to their small size and moderate energy needs.
Where does the Maltese originate from?
The Maltese originates from Malta and the Mediterranean Basin. It is an ancient breed with a history spanning over 2000 years, historically kept as a companion to royalty and aristocracy.
Data transparency
✓ Published · VerifiedSources and review status
APIThe Dog API ↗The Dog API Terms of Service (effective 2023-07-01)
VETERINARY SOURCEWSAVA Global Nutrition Guidelines and Toolkit ↗Copyright; factual citation and original summary only
Image source: The Dog API. Last reviewed 7/20/2026.